Organic chemistry (3.3)
Introduction to organic chemistry (3.3.1)
15 min read
Overview of nomenclature, drawing reaction mechanisms, and isomerism in organic compounds.
Alkanes (3.3.2)
5 min read
Obtaining alkanes from crude oil, modification by cracking, combustion of alkanes as fuels, and chlorination of alkanes by free-radical substitution.
Halogenoalkanes (3.3.3)
5 min read
Nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions of halogenoalkanes, and the role of halogenoalkanes in ozone depletion.
Alkenes (3.3.4)
7 min read
Structure, bonding and reactivity of alkenes, electrophilic addition reactions, and addition polymerisation.
Alcohols (3.3.5)
6 min read
Production of alcohols, oxidation to form carbonyl compounds, and elimination to form alkenes.
Organic analysis - mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy (3.3.6)
11 min read
How mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy and test tube analysis can be used to identify organic molecules.
Optical isomerism - AL only (3.3.7)
2 min read
Chiral centres and optical isomerism.
Aldehydes and ketones - AL only (3.3.8)
5 min read
Reactions of aldehydes and ketones with reducing agents via nucleophilic addition, and identifying aldehydes and ketones in test tube reactions.
Carboxylic acids and derivatives - AL only (3.3.9)
9 min read
Carboxylic acids, esterification, ester hydrolysis and acylation.
Aromatic chemistry - AL only (3.3.10)
6 min read
The structure and bonding of benzene, and electrophilic substitution reactions of aromatic molecules.
Amines - AL only (3.3.11)
6 min read
The basic and nucleophilic properties of amines, and their preparation.
Polymers - AL only (3.3.12)
10 min read
Condenstion polymers, monomers, repeat units, and issues with disposing of polymers.
Amino acids, proteins and DNA - AL only (3.3.13)
9 min read
The chemical structure and properties of amino acids, proteins, enzymes and DNA, and the action of anti-cancer drugs on DNA.
Organic synthesis - AL only (3.3.14)
6 min read
Linking chemical reactions to achieve the synthesis of complex organic molecules.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy - AL only (3.3.15)
7 min read
Linking proton and carbon-13 NMR spectra to organic molecules.
Chromatography - AL only (3.3.16)
3 min read
Basic principles of chromatography in the separation of materials, Rf values and factors impacting retention time.